After speaking to Siri, you can edit the dictated text before Siri processes it if you’re quick enough, or even after Siri gives its first response.
When the text appears, tap it and you get the familiar iOS keyboard and the text becomes editable. You will even get the blue underlines for text that the dictation wasn’t sure about, which you can tap for alternate versions just like using dictation elsewhere in iOS. Make your edits and then tap Return to resume interaction with Siri using the newly edited text instead of the original.
You can even scroll back up, tap to edit, tap Done, and Siri will re-process.
[Thanks Shawn Platkus! ADN / Twitter]